When it comes to Promotional Marketing and its associated services retail marketing Professional | door to door marketing Professional kolhapur, we like to think we know a thing or two. After all, we’ve been doing it for a quarter of a century!
As a long established and reliable partner to brands and agencies, we provide a proactive and helpful account management team to help work through your marketing objectives. Technology is at the heart of everything we deliver – from live online reporting through to cashback platforms and ecommerce websites, we utilise the latest technology to deliver efficiencies in handling and transparency of our operation.
Fulcrum provides a flexible approach – allowing you to focus on your brand, while we take care of the detail behind the scenes
For the team here at Fulcrum it’s all about how to help a brand to drive sales, manage logistics – using the power of our people, our processes and our technology. Our people are drawn from a variety of commercial backgrounds including agency, experiential, btl and fieldwork.
We do the research on new trends, Marketing and Btl solutions and effective ways of working
we provide a comprehensive a range of promotional solutions to major organisations working to promote their businesses and brands. These solutions relate to the issuing, validation, redemption and settlement of…
STORED VALUE INSTRUMENTS – gift, savings, points, general ‘spend’ cards or virtual cards MANUFACTURER COUPONS – including 3rd party and affinity partner programmes …whether physical or digital, for customer present and online transactions.
Our services are operational in the mumbai and pune (where we support all major grocery retailers, FMCG manufacturers, and many leading multi-retailer environments).
Who are we?
Fulcrum specialises in the provision of marketing, Btl and leaflet distribution services within the Marketing and all sector.
How can we help?
Over the years we have innovated our core capabilities through excellent IT infrastructure and customer service, to provide a one stop shop for all your promotional, fulfilment and distribution needs.
We are dedicated to helping our customers achieve growth, customer retention and increased profitability through the combination of our expert marketing support services.
Market share is key metric that helps firms evaluate demand in their market and can be influenced by PR and marketing campaigns.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Discuss how companies use market share as a key indicator and tool to increase market competitiveness
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
Market Share metrics, a desired asset among competing firms, enable firms to judge not only total market growth or decline, but also trends in customers’ selections among competitors.
Losses in market share can signal serious long-term problems that require strategic adjustments. Firms with market shares below a certain level may not be viable and may need to change their advertising tactics or their products.
Pricing strategy is one of the tools that is significant in creating and sustaining market share. Prices must be set to attract the appropriate market segment in significant numbers.
Key Terms
Market Share: The percentage of a market (defined in terms of either units or revenue) accounted for by a specific entity.
selective demand: The demand for a specific product brand.
primary demand: The demand for an entire product category.
Market Share
Increasing market share is one of the most important objectives of business. Market share is a key indicator of market competitiveness—that is, how well a firm is doing against its competitors. This metric, supplemented by changes in sales revenue, helps managers evaluate both primary and selective demand in their market.
Demand
Selective demand refers to demand for a specific brand while primary demand refers to demand for a product category. It enables a company to judge not only total market growth or decline, but also trends in customers’ selections among competitors. Generally, sales growth resulting from primary demand (total market growth) is less costly and more profitable than that achieved by capturing share from competitors. Conversely, losses in market share can signal serious long-term problems that require strategic adjustments. Firms with market shares below a certain level may not be viable. Similarly, within a firm’s product line, market share trends for individual products are considered early indicators of future opportunities or problems.
Strategies to Create Market Share
2009 Hyundai Sonata: In 2009, Hyundai released a new PR campaign where people who bought new Hyundai cars could return them if they lost their jobs within a year of buying the car.
Research has also shown that market share is a desired asset among competing firms. Management of all firms, large and small, are concerned with an adequate share of the market so that their sales volume will enable the firm to survive and prosper. Pricing strategy is one of the tools that is significant in creating and sustaining market share. Prices must be set to attract the appropriate market segment in significant numbers. Price is important to marketers because it represents the marketers’ assessment of both the value customers see in the product or service, and how much they are willing to pay for a product or service. Competitors often try to gain market share by reducing their prices. The price reduction is intended to increase demand from customers who are judged to be sensitive to changes in price. Price reduction is often seen in newer brands that have to compete with already existing brands. New brands not only require lower prices to penetrate the target market, but they typically require more investment as well. Advertising improved quality on products is another way market share can be affected. Also, making products and services easier to access can increase a firm’s market share. For example, offering products online with easy payment options can increase sales.
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Fulcrum Marketing is a creative promotions marketing agency with over 10 years’ combined experience in the FMCG, Insurance, Automotive, Banking, Telecoms, White Goods and Retail sectors.
We create innovative marketing strategies using free-to-consumer rewards that engage and excite – whether that’s tactical promotional activity to boost acquisition or retention or long-term loyalty and engagement programmes.
We offer the widest range of established promotional offers, together with the skills and experience necessary to produce a bespoke solution to drive sales and offer great ROI, whilst using our own loyalty and reward platforms gives us a competitive edge in terms of both costings and response time.
MARKETING SOLUTIONS THAT LOCK BRANDS & CONSUMERS TOGETHER
Fulcrum Marketing is a creative promotions marketing agency where consumer incentive ideas fill our hearts, minds and souls.
We love thinking, learning and driving innovative campaigns for your brand.
We love a challenge.
MARKETING SOLUTIONS THAT LOCK CONSUMERS & BRANDS TOGETHER
Fulcrum Marketing was founded in 2007 to offer innovative marketing strategies that engage and excite consumers. At FulcrumMarketing we understand it is difficult for brands to get stand-out and engage with consumers on an emotional level.
Our role is to continually develop new, innovative promotional solutions that offer high value incentives at a fraction of retail cost. This is as an alternative to heavily discounting.
We offer Marketing solutions that work!
Because we have the widest range of established promotional offers, along with a skilled and experienced team, which is necessary to produce a best marketing solution to drive sales and offer unrivaled ROI.
About Us
Fulcrum is a dynamic, creative agency that partners with leading consumer brands across a spectrum of industries, supporting both their domestic marketing strategies through a wide variety of creative brand solutions and value-added services.
We specialise in developing and delivering engaging solutions for a whole host of global brands, from creative, branded merchandise with inspiring packaging and POS options to tailored print management services.
Our Values
Our growth and continued success is built on core company values such as quality, value, service, passion and innovation.
Our Ethics
Every factory we use is personally assessed by our staff for quality, working conditions and the ethical treatment of workers.
Supply Chain Management
We project manage your product from concept to completion. Relax in the knowledge that your brand is in safe hands.
Accreditations
We are a responsible organisation that implements good processes with a focus on environmental sustainability.
Our Values
Our core values are what guide us as a company and individuals. These values are at the heart of everything we do:
Quality
Deliver excellent standards consistently.
Value
Ensure exceptional value for our customers.
Service
Provide the highest standard of service to our customers.
Innovation
Remain at the forefront of innovation in both design and manufacturing.
Trust
We are the most trusted supplier. The integrity of your brand is in safe hands.
Passion
We are passionate about what we do and strive to exceed customer expectations.
Brand Marketing Companies | Product marketing Program kolhapur
Steps of forecast include problem definition, cash flow forecast, profit forecast, balance sheet forecast and profit determination.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the process for performing a forecast
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
It is important to note those earlier identified ‘threats’ to your business to ensure that as you forecast you can see the deviation of the best and worst models.
Three key forecasts include problem definition, cash flow forecast, profit forecast, and balance sheet forecast.
By completing these scenarios you gain an insight into the various risks that a business faces.
Key Terms
taxable income: Taxable income refers to the base upon which an income tax system imposes tax.
Problem definition
It is important to note those earlier identified ‘threats’ to your business to ensure that, as you forecast, you can see the deviation of the best and worst models. For example, if a business has previously identified the threat of a diminishing cheap labor force, then its forecast needs to reflect that the price of labor (or any other resource, such as power) is going to go up.
Forecast: Just like a weather forecast, businesses use different types of forecasts to analyze and prepare for their futures.
Three key forecasts
Cash flow forecast
This seeks to forecast a bank balance after a period – typically 12 months. This forecast shows the sources and application of funds.
Profit forecast
This modifies the cash flow in an attempt to calculate taxable income and, in the process, forecast a businesses income tax liability. There are two differences between a cash flow and a profit forecast. The cash flow forecast includes all expenditure in the period, whereas the profit forecast looks to match revenue with the costs associated with generating that revenue. To achieve this, one uses non-cash expenses to estimate some of the costs associated with running a business.
These two forecasts are reconciled with a forecast balance sheet.
Balance sheet forecast
While we have based this example on a smaller business and, while forecasting balance sheets demonstrates completeness and a high level of technical integrity in forecasting, we feel the process is complex and better left to a professional. We also feel that the additional benefit is outweighed by the costs for a small business.
It is always easier to forecast the future performance of a business if your business is already up and running as there are past trading results to look at. When a completely new venture is being planned, a certain amount of imagination is required. However, this is in no way a license to be overly optimistic.
Basic Steps
By completing these scenarios you gain an insight into the various risks that a business faces. Spreadsheet programs make this quite easy if they are well set up.
1. The sales forecast
This is the dominant influence on the performance of your business. Also, many expenses have a link to the level of activity in a business.
For existing businesses, past sales are the best predictor of future sales, for new businesses it is less simple. However, once the business is established, you will find you have a better understanding between the business’s products and its markets.
The most important thing is to keep detailed records of sales as it is these that will provide you with the growing ability to forecast income accurately.
Forecast the number of units you expect to sell
Begin with an analysis of current performance
Divide sales into appropriate categories
Consider factors that affect each category
Internal factors might include staffing changes (for service industries)
External factors might include the impact of inflation – current relevance
Now attempt to forecast unit sales in cash category
2. Multiply by unit price
3. Determine market price
4. Cost plus
Expected mark-up
Expected revenue per unit sold
Statistical review of the market
Determination of units sold
Seasonal sales pattern
Cash flow
Every business needs cash (sometimes called liquidity ) to keep going.
Forecasting cash flow lets us anticipate liquidity problems and helps identify solutions.
5. Profit determination
The essential difference between cash flow and profit is that cash flow includes all items of income and expense, whereas profit seeks to match income and costs related to the generation of the income in a period of time; usually 12 months.
To facilitate the calculation of profit (and hence, the income tax due) the cash flow statements were split into four sections. We now take the total of income and the operational costs into a Profit Statement. We add depreciation to the operational costs and subtract our adjusted operational costs from income. This difference will indicate a profit (where the difference is positive) or a loss (where the difference is negative).
Where there is profit, we need to then calculate income tax. This calculation depends on the legal structure adopted for the business. Where a business is registered for Goods and Services Tax, we take only the net payments and receipts into account.
It should be noted there is always a risk in new product development. Despite the time and effort put into planning the new product may not earn a significant return on investment.
Inputs
The main inputs of forecasting include time series, cross-sectional and longitudinal data, or using judgmental methods.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the different forecasting methods
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
Forecasting is the process of making statements about events whose actual outcomes (typically) have not yet been observed.
Time series is a sequence of data points, measured typically at successive time instants spaced at uniform time intervals.
Cross-sectional data refers to data collected by observing many subjects at the same point of time, or without regard to differences in time.
A longitudinal data involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time — often many decades.
Judgmental forecasting methods incorporate intuitive judgements, opinions and subjective probability estimates.
Key Terms
probability sample: a technique of studying a population subset in which the liklihood of getting any particular subset may be calculated
Dow Jones index: It is an index that shows how 30 large publicly-owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market.
nonprobability sample: a subset of the population in which the probability of getting any particular sample may be calculated, and therefore cannot be used to represent the whole population
Forecasting in Accounting
In corporate finance, investment banking, and the accounting profession, financial modeling is largely synonymous with cash flow forecasting.
This usually involves the preparation of detailed company specific models used for decision making purposes and financial analysis.
A financial forecast is an estimate of future financial outcomes for a company or country (for futures and currency markets). Using historical internal accounting and sales data, in addition to external market and economic indicators, a financial forecast is an economist’s best guess of what will happen to a company in financial terms over a given time period—usually one year.
Challenges
Arguably, the most difficult aspect of preparing a financial forecast is predicting revenue. Future costs can be estimated by using historical accounting data; variable costs are also a function of sales.
Forecasting vs. Financial Plans and Budgets
Unlike a financial plan or a budget, a financial forecast doesn’t have to be used as a planning document. Outside analysts can use a financial forecast to estimate a company’s success in the coming year.
Forecasting is the process of making statements about events whose actual outcomes (typically) have not yet been observed. A commonplace example might be the estimation of some variable of interest at some specified future date. Prediction is a similar, but more general term. Both might refer to formal statistical methods employing time series, cross-sectional or longitudinal data, or less formal judgmental methods.
Time Series Data
Time series is a sequence of data points, measured typically at successive time instants and spaced at uniform time intervals. Examples of time series are the daily closing value of the Dow Jones index or the annual flow volume of the Nile River at Aswan. Time series analysis comprises methods for analyzing time series data in order to extract meaningful statistics and other characteristics of the data. Time series forecasting is the use of a model to predict future values based on previously observed values. Time series are very frequently plotted via line charts.
Time Series Data: Wall Street uses time series data to monitor the stock market.
Cross-sectional data
Cross-sectional data refers to data collected by observing many subjects (such as individuals, firms or countries/regions) at the same point in time, or without regard to differences in time. Analysis of cross-sectional data usually consists of comparing the differences among the subjects.
For example, if we want to measure current obesity levels in a population, we could randomly draw a sample of 1,000 people from the population (also known as a cross section of that population), measure their weight and height, and calculate what percentage of that sample is categorized as obese. For example, 30% of our sample may be categorized as obese based on our measures. This cross-sectional sample provides us with a snapshot of that population, at that one point in time. Note that we do not know based on one cross-sectional sample if obesity is increasing or decreasing; we can only describe the current proportion. Cross-sectional data differs from time series data also known as longitudinal data, which follows one subject’s changes over the course of time. Another variant, panel data (or time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) data), combines both and looks at multiple subjects and how they change over the course of time. Panel analysis uses panel data to examine changes in variables over time and differences in variables between subjects.
Longitudinal Data
A longitudinal study is a correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time — often many decades. It is a type of observational study. Longitudinal studies are often used in psychology to study developmental trends across the life span, and in sociology to study life events throughout lifetimes or generations. The reason for this is that unlike cross-sectional studies, in which different individuals with same characteristics are compared, longitudinal studies track the same people, and therefore the differences observed in those people are less likely to be the result of cultural differences across generations. Because of this benefit, longitudinal studies make observing changes more accurate, and they are applied in various other fields. In medicine, the design is used to uncover predictors of certain diseases. In advertising, the design is used to identify the changes that adverts have produced in the attitudes and behaviors of those within the target audience who have seen the advertising campaign.
Judgmental methods
Judgmental forecasting methods incorporate intuitive judgements, opinions and subjective probability estimates, such as Composite forecasts, Delphi method, Forecast by analogy, Scenario building, Statistical surveys and Technology forecasting.
Usage of forecasting can differ between areas of application: for example, in hydrology, the terms “forecast” and “forecasting” are sometimes reserved for estimates of values at certain specific future times, while the term “prediction” is used for more general estimates, such as the number of times floods will occur over a long period.
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With so many new ways to reach your potential customer, it is essential to protect the integrity of your brand message”
Fulcrum has succeeded over 10 years by continually innovating providing clients with marketing services they need engagement marketing | Marketing Professional kolhapur. Our core work today is very different to that of when we first opened our doors but what has not changed is our commitment to service, creative thinking and generating results.
Direct Marketing Strategic planning and delivery of targeted direct marketing campaigns to generate a strong ROI
Data consultancy Creative design and production Print and digital
Advertising Tactical ad solutions or full multi media campaign planning, concept and execution Print and digital media Production and delivery to chosen media
Creative Design From initial concept development through to finished production and delivery
Press, print and digital media From corporate identity to point of sale
Experiential Marketing Take your brand to the right people
Real world and virtual (augmented reality) Exhibitions and shows Guerrilla activity
Sales Promotion Plan and execute activity in all channels to achieve tactical marketing objectives
From concept through to delivery and performance analysis All media
Campaign Delivery Creative design On-line and off-line direct marketing channels In-house studio production Print buying and distribution logistics
Marketing performance
Marketing performance analysis Customer value delivered by marketing channels Cross channel marketing budget allocation Optimising allocation of multiple brand propositions to individuals Customer understanding Propensity modelling Response and value predictive models for home shoppers Product affinity segmentation Impact of contact density on consumer response Using on-line browsing to predict purchase propensity
About us
Fulcrum is a dynamic, creative agency that specialises in developing and delivering engaging sales promotion, retail merchandise and on-brand promotional products.
From local sourced products to any marketing projects, we partner with leading consumer brands to develop merchandise to support the execution of their global sales and marketing strategies.
we provide our clients with the project management platform required to generate and deliver creative & Inspiring branded merchandise solutions, however simple or complex they may seem.
Through our unique combination of design talent, manufacturing scope, buying power and global distribution expertise, we can provide multi-territory fulfilment of creative products tailored to our clients’ exact requirements.
engagement marketing | Marketing Professional kolhapur
Steps Required to Forecast
Steps Required to Forecast
Steps of forecast include problem definition, cash flow forecast, profit forecast, balance sheet forecast and profit determination.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the process for performing a forecast
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
It is important to note those earlier identified ‘threats’ to your business to ensure that as you forecast you can see the deviation of the best and worst models.
Three key forecasts include problem definition, cash flow forecast, profit forecast, and balance sheet forecast.
By completing these scenarios you gain an insight into the various risks that a business faces.
Key Terms
taxable income: Taxable income refers to the base upon which an income tax system imposes tax.
Problem definition
It is important to note those earlier identified ‘threats’ to your business to ensure that, as you forecast, you can see the deviation of the best and worst models. For example, if a business has previously identified the threat of a diminishing cheap labor force, then its forecast needs to reflect that the price of labor (or any other resource, such as power) is going to go up.
Forecast: Just like a weather forecast, businesses use different types of forecasts to analyze and prepare for their futures.
Three key forecasts
Cash flow forecast
This seeks to forecast a bank balance after a period – typically 12 months. This forecast shows the sources and application of funds.
Profit forecast
This modifies the cash flow in an attempt to calculate taxable income and, in the process, forecast a businesses income tax liability. There are two differences between a cash flow and a profit forecast. The cash flow forecast includes all expenditure in the period, whereas the profit forecast looks to match revenue with the costs associated with generating that revenue. To achieve this, one uses non-cash expenses to estimate some of the costs associated with running a business.
These two forecasts are reconciled with a forecast balance sheet.
Balance sheet forecast
While we have based this example on a smaller business and, while forecasting balance sheets demonstrates completeness and a high level of technical integrity in forecasting, we feel the process is complex and better left to a professional. We also feel that the additional benefit is outweighed by the costs for a small business.
It is always easier to forecast the future performance of a business if your business is already up and running as there are past trading results to look at. When a completely new venture is being planned, a certain amount of imagination is required. However, this is in no way a license to be overly optimistic.
Basic Steps
By completing these scenarios you gain an insight into the various risks that a business faces. Spreadsheet programs make this quite easy if they are well set up.
1. The sales forecast
This is the dominant influence on the performance of your business. Also, many expenses have a link to the level of activity in a business.
For existing businesses, past sales are the best predictor of future sales, for new businesses it is less simple. However, once the business is established, you will find you have a better understanding between the business’s products and its markets.
The most important thing is to keep detailed records of sales as it is these that will provide you with the growing ability to forecast income accurately.
Forecast the number of units you expect to sell
Begin with an analysis of current performance
Divide sales into appropriate categories
Consider factors that affect each category
Internal factors might include staffing changes (for service industries)
External factors might include the impact of inflation – current relevance
Now attempt to forecast unit sales in cash category
2. Multiply by unit price
3. Determine market price
4. Cost plus
Expected mark-up
Expected revenue per unit sold
Statistical review of the market
Determination of units sold
Seasonal sales pattern
Cash flow
Every business needs cash (sometimes called liquidity ) to keep going.
Forecasting cash flow lets us anticipate liquidity problems and helps identify solutions.
5. Profit determination
The essential difference between cash flow and profit is that cash flow includes all items of income and expense, whereas profit seeks to match income and costs related to the generation of the income in a period of time; usually 12 months.
To facilitate the calculation of profit (and hence, the income tax due) the cash flow statements were split into four sections. We now take the total of income and the operational costs into a Profit Statement. We add depreciation to the operational costs and subtract our adjusted operational costs from income. This difference will indicate a profit (where the difference is positive) or a loss (where the difference is negative).
Where there is profit, we need to then calculate income tax. This calculation depends on the legal structure adopted for the business. Where a business is registered for Goods and Services Tax, we take only the net payments and receipts into account.
It should be noted there is always a risk in new product development. Despite the time and effort put into planning the new product may not earn a significant return on investment.
Inputs
The main inputs of forecasting include time series, cross-sectional and longitudinal data, or using judgmental methods.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the different forecasting methods
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
Forecasting is the process of making statements about events whose actual outcomes (typically) have not yet been observed.
Time series is a sequence of data points, measured typically at successive time instants spaced at uniform time intervals.
Cross-sectional data refers to data collected by observing many subjects at the same point of time, or without regard to differences in time.
A longitudinal data involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time — often many decades.
Judgmental forecasting methods incorporate intuitive judgements, opinions and subjective probability estimates.
Key Terms
probability sample: a technique of studying a population subset in which the liklihood of getting any particular subset may be calculated
Dow Jones index: It is an index that shows how 30 large publicly-owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market.
nonprobability sample: a subset of the population in which the probability of getting any particular sample may be calculated, and therefore cannot be used to represent the whole population
Forecasting in Accounting
In corporate finance, investment banking, and the accounting profession, financial modeling is largely synonymous with cash flow forecasting.
This usually involves the preparation of detailed company specific models used for decision making purposes and financial analysis.
A financial forecast is an estimate of future financial outcomes for a company or country (for futures and currency markets). Using historical internal accounting and sales data, in addition to external market and economic indicators, a financial forecast is an economist’s best guess of what will happen to a company in financial terms over a given time period—usually one year.
Challenges
Arguably, the most difficult aspect of preparing a financial forecast is predicting revenue. Future costs can be estimated by using historical accounting data; variable costs are also a function of sales.
Forecasting vs. Financial Plans and Budgets
Unlike a financial plan or a budget, a financial forecast doesn’t have to be used as a planning document. Outside analysts can use a financial forecast to estimate a company’s success in the coming year.
Forecasting is the process of making statements about events whose actual outcomes (typically) have not yet been observed. A commonplace example might be the estimation of some variable of interest at some specified future date. Prediction is a similar, but more general term. Both might refer to formal statistical methods employing time series, cross-sectional or longitudinal data, or less formal judgmental methods.
Time Series Data
Time series is a sequence of data points, measured typically at successive time instants and spaced at uniform time intervals. Examples of time series are the daily closing value of the Dow Jones index or the annual flow volume of the Nile River at Aswan. Time series analysis comprises methods for analyzing time series data in order to extract meaningful statistics and other characteristics of the data. Time series forecasting is the use of a model to predict future values based on previously observed values. Time series are very frequently plotted via line charts.
Time Series Data: Wall Street uses time series data to monitor the stock market.
Cross-sectional data
Cross-sectional data refers to data collected by observing many subjects (such as individuals, firms or countries/regions) at the same point in time, or without regard to differences in time. Analysis of cross-sectional data usually consists of comparing the differences among the subjects.
For example, if we want to measure current obesity levels in a population, we could randomly draw a sample of 1,000 people from the population (also known as a cross section of that population), measure their weight and height, and calculate what percentage of that sample is categorized as obese. For example, 30% of our sample may be categorized as obese based on our measures. This cross-sectional sample provides us with a snapshot of that population, at that one point in time. Note that we do not know based on one cross-sectional sample if obesity is increasing or decreasing; we can only describe the current proportion. Cross-sectional data differs from time series data also known as longitudinal data, which follows one subject’s changes over the course of time. Another variant, panel data (or time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) data), combines both and looks at multiple subjects and how they change over the course of time. Panel analysis uses panel data to examine changes in variables over time and differences in variables between subjects.
Longitudinal Data
A longitudinal study is a correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time — often many decades. It is a type of observational study. Longitudinal studies are often used in psychology to study developmental trends across the life span, and in sociology to study life events throughout lifetimes or generations. The reason for this is that unlike cross-sectional studies, in which different individuals with same characteristics are compared, longitudinal studies track the same people, and therefore the differences observed in those people are less likely to be the result of cultural differences across generations. Because of this benefit, longitudinal studies make observing changes more accurate, and they are applied in various other fields. In medicine, the design is used to uncover predictors of certain diseases. In advertising, the design is used to identify the changes that adverts have produced in the attitudes and behaviors of those within the target audience who have seen the advertising campaign.
Judgmental methods
Judgmental forecasting methods incorporate intuitive judgements, opinions and subjective probability estimates, such as Composite forecasts, Delphi method, Forecast by analogy, Scenario building, Statistical surveys and Technology forecasting.
Usage of forecasting can differ between areas of application: for example, in hydrology, the terms “forecast” and “forecasting” are sometimes reserved for estimates of values at certain specific future times, while the term “prediction” is used for more general estimates, such as the number of times floods will occur over a long period.
engagement marketing Marketing Professional kolhapur , Brand Marketing Companies kolhapur, Product marketing Program kolhapur , Fieldwork marketing Agent kolhapur, retail marketing Professional kolhapur, door to door marketing Professional kolhapur, local marketing Professional kolhapur , Feet On Street marketing Professional kolhapur, school Marketing Professional kolhapur , Theater Marketing Professional kolhapur , hospital Marketing Professional kolhapur , B To B marketing Professional kolhapur , Flyer Delivery Professional kolhapur
engagement marketing | Marketing Professional kolhapur
